About the Tests

About Test Blueprints

Test blueprints are created to provide guidance to Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) during the item writing phase of test development. In addition, we believe that they can assist those instructors who did not participate in item writing (and administrators) to understand the broad content of the item bank. Items are formally allocated across a course outline in a three-step process*:

  1. CETE psychometricians send a survey starting in the summer prior to item writing and until the item bank is written. The survey asks teachers to identify competencies they deem to be most important within the course as well as the difficulty level of writing items to each competency. Survey data is used to create a suggested blueprint for review by the Ohio Department of Education program specialists and SMEs.
  2. SMEs review the blueprint as a large group before item writing for a specific EOC test. There and in small groups, SMEs review the course outline and have the ability to make changes to the blueprint with a documented rationale based on their experience and expertise.
  3. Any revisions during small group work must be approved by the larger panel of SMEs attending an item writing workshop, as well as the program specialist from the Ohio Department of Education, which is the last step and produces the final blueprint which is summarized in this document.

Test blueprints can provide high-level guidance to instructors on preparing students for testing. It is important to keep in mind that the blueprint is a tool that is used when developing the test item bank during initial item writing and test creation. As with all tests, the End-of-Course test forms are a sample of the item bank.

Interpreting the Blueprints

Test blueprints display the total number of test items SMEs planned to write to a particular outcome (as designated in the course outline created by the Ohio Department of Education Office of Career-Technical Education or by a vendor). The blueprint describes structure of the item bank which is the total pool of test items created. Final test forms of 40-items are created from the item bank.

* This newer process for producing test blueprints was implemented October 1, 2015. Item banks created prior to this date were completed under a different blueprint process and therefore we are looking backward to provide the structure of the item bank. As revisions are completed for those career fields, for example Information Technology (2017-18), the blueprint process used will be the newer model. Learn more at cete.osu.edu/expertise/assessment

Test Blueprints

Business Foundations

ODE Subject Code: 141000
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills4.12%
1.2Leadership and Communications6.19%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology5.15%
1.9Financial Management4.12%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities10.31%
2.2Economic Principles9.28%
2.3Global Business5.15%
2.4Business Processes3.09%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations5.15%
3.3Business Communications Management3.09%
3.4Marketing Communications3.09%
3.5Social Media Communications3.09%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.1Risk Management Fundamentals2.06%
4.4Legal Environment4.12%
4.8Legal Foundations1.03%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.1Marketing Fundamentals5.15%
5.10Product and Service Development4.12%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.1Management Fundamentals8.25%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.7Supply Chain Management4.12%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals2.06%
9.2Corporate Investments2.06%
9.5Financial Accounting2.06%
9.6Financial Reporting and Auditing3.09%

Management Principles

ODE Subject Code: 141025
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills5.32%
1.2Leadership and Communications7.45%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities7.45%
2.4Business Processes5.32%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.2Relationship Management7.45%
3.3Business Communications Management5.32%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.1Risk Management Fundamentals2.13%
4.3Compliance2.13%
4.4Legal Environment4.26%
4.6Corporate Social Responsibility2.13%
4.7Governance Structures5.32%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.1Management Fundamentals9.57%
6.2Strategic Planning8.51%
6.3Change Management6.38%
6.4Project Management7.45%
6.5Human Resources Planning2.13%
6.8Compensation and Benefits2.13%
6.9Engagement and Retention3.19%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.4Quality Management3.19%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.3Information Management3.19%

Strategic Entrepreneurship

ODE Subject Code: 141030
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills1.11%
1.2Leadership and Communications2.22%
1.3Business Ethics and Law4.44%
1.5Global Environment2.22%
1.6Business Literacy4.44%
1.7Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurs6.67%
1.8Operations Management1.11%
1.9Financial Management6.67%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities8.89%
2.2Economic Principles2.22%
2.3Global Business2.22%
2.4Business Processes1.11%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations2.22%
3.2Relationship Management2.22%
3.3Business Communications Management1.11%
3.4Marketing Communications2.22%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.4Legal Environment1.11%
4.6Corporate Social Responsibility2.22%
4.8Legal Foundations2.22%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.1Marketing Fundamentals6.67%
5.5Market Planning5.56%
5.8Branding1.11%
5.10Product and Service Development6.67%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.1Management Fundamentals7.78%
6.2Strategic Planning4.44%
6.6Talent Acquisition1.11%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.5Facilities Management1.11%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.3Information Management1.11%
8.4Business Applications1.11%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals2.22%
9.7Managerial Accounting4.44%

Fundamentals of Business and Administrative Services

ODE Subject Code: 142000
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.2Leadership and Communications3.26%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology5.43%
1.11Principles of Business Economics1.09%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities15.22%
2.2Economic Principles6.52%
2.3Global Business3.26%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.3Business Communications Management8.70%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.2Contract Oversight4.35%
4.6Corporate Social Responsibility5.43%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.1Management Fundamentals8.70%
6.5Human Resources Planning6.52%
6.9Engagement and Retention4.35%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.1Safety, Health and Security4.35%
7.2Sourcing and Procurement3.26%
7.4Quality Management3.26%
7.7Supply Chain Management3.26%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.1Business Process Analysis6.52%
8.3Information Management6.52%

Human Resource Management

ODE Subject Code: 142035
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills5.38%
1.6Business Literacy5.38%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.2Economic Principles4.30%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.2Relationship Management5.38%
3.5Social Media Communications6.45%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.2Contract Oversight2.15%
4.4Legal Environment4.30%
4.7Governance Structures3.23%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.2Strategic Planning7.53%
6.5Human Resources Planning8.60%
6.6Talent Acquisition11.83%
6.7Onboarding and Development10.75%
6.8Compensation and Benefits5.38%
6.9Engagement and Retention3.23%
6.10Human Resources Operations8.60%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.5Knowledge Management7.53%

Finance Foundations

ODE Subject Code: 143000
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills2.33%
1.2Leadership and Communications1.16%
1.3Business Ethics and Law2.33%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology2.33%
1.9Financial Management3.49%
1.11Principles of Business Economics1.16%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities6.98%
2.2Economic Principles3.49%
2.3Global Business4.65%
2.4Business Processes3.49%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations5.81%
3.2Relationship Management4.65%
3.3Business Communications Management6.98%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.1Risk Management Fundamentals5.81%
4.3Compliance4.65%
4.4Legal Environment4.65%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.2Strategic Planning5.81%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals6.98%
9.2Corporate Investments5.81%
9.4Internal Controls4.65%
9.5Financial Accounting8.14%
9.11Financial Operations4.65%

Financial Accounting

ODE Subject Code: 143005
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills1.08%
1.2Leadership and Communications1.08%
1.3Business Ethics and Law3.23%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology1.08%
1.9Financial Management2.15%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities2.15%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations1.08%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.2Contract Oversight1.08%
4.6Corporate Social Responsibility2.15%
4.7Governance Structures3.23%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.3Inventory Management3.23%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.1Business Process Analysis2.15%
8.3Information Management2.15%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals10.75%
9.4Internal Controls9.68%
9.5Financial Accounting31.18%
9.6Financial Reporting and Auditing21.51%
9.10Capital Management1.08%

Corporate Finance

ODE Subject Code: 143010
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills4.35%
1.2Leadership and Communications5.43%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology5.43%
1.9Financial Management8.70%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.1Risk Management Fundamentals4.35%
4.2Contract Oversight6.52%
4.3Compliance5.43%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.2Strategic Planning3.26%
6.4Project Management6.52%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals6.52%
9.2Corporate Investments5.43%
9.3Financial Risk Management6.52%
9.5Financial Accounting4.35%
9.6Financial Reporting and Auditing4.35%
9.7Managerial Accounting2.17%
9.8Risk Management and Financial Institutions4.35%
9.9Cash Management9.78%
9.10Capital Management6.52%

Managerial Accounting

ODE Subject Code: 143015
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills2.13%
1.2Leadership and Communications3.19%
1.3Business Ethics and Law2.13%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology1.06%
1.9Financial Management4.26%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.2Economic Principles2.13%
2.3Global Business1.06%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.3Business Communications Management4.26%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.6Corporate Social Responsibility1.06%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.1Management Fundamentals4.26%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.2Sourcing and Procurement3.19%
7.3Inventory Management5.32%
7.4Quality Management2.13%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.4Business Applications1.06%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals11.70%
9.3Financial Risk Management3.19%
9.6Financial Reporting and Auditing4.26%
9.7Managerial Accounting35.11%
9.9Cash Management4.26%
9.10Capital Management4.26%

Fundamentals of Financial Services

ODE Subject Code: 143020
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills2.11%
1.2Leadership and Communications3.16%
1.3Business Ethics and Law5.26%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology3.16%
1.9Financial Management7.37%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities2.11%
2.2Economic Principles3.16%
2.3Global Business3.16%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations5.26%
3.2Relationship Management3.16%
3.3Business Communications Management2.11%
3.4Marketing Communications2.11%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.1Risk Management Fundamentals3.16%
4.3Compliance3.16%
4.4Legal Environment3.16%
4.7Governance Structures4.21%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.1Marketing Fundamentals4.21%
5.9Selling5.26%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.1Business Process Analysis4.21%
8.4Business Applications3.16%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.1Financial Fundamentals5.26%
9.2Corporate Investments5.26%
9.3Financial Risk Management3.16%
9.6Financial Reporting and Auditing3.16%
9.8Risk Management and Financial Institutions6.32%
9.11Financial Operations4.21%

Financial Services Operations

ODE Subject Code: 143025
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.2Leadership and Communications2.22%
1.3Business Ethics and Law2.22%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.4Business Processes2.22%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations3.33%
3.4Marketing Communications5.56%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.1Risk Management Fundamentals5.56%
4.3Compliance6.67%
4.4Legal Environment6.67%
4.7Governance Structures3.33%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.9Selling6.67%
Strand 6. Business Management
6.2Strategic Planning5.56%
6.4Project Management6.67%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.3Inventory Management2.22%
7.4Quality Management3.33%
7.8Operations Risk Management2.22%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.1Business Process Analysis2.22%
8.3Information Management3.33%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.4Internal Controls4.44%
9.6Financial Reporting and Auditing2.22%
9.8Risk Management and Financial Institutions6.67%
9.9Cash Management3.33%
9.11Financial Operations13.33%

Marketing Principles

ODE Subject Code: 144000
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills2.22%
1.2Leadership and Communications6.67%
1.3Business Ethics and Law4.44%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology1.11%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities11.11%
2.2Economic Principles4.44%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.3Business Communications Management5.56%
3.4Marketing Communications14.44%
3.5Social Media Communications5.56%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.1Marketing Fundamentals15.56%
5.2Channel Management3.33%
5.3Marketing Information Management3.33%
5.4Marketing Research4.44%
5.5Market Planning2.22%
5.6Pricing3.33%
5.8Branding4.44%
5.9Selling4.44%
5.10Product and Service Development3.33%

Marketing Applications

ODE Subject Code: 144005
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills2.20%
1.2Leadership and Communications5.49%
1.5Global Environment1.10%
1.11Principles of Business Economics4.40%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.3Business Communications Management4.40%
3.4Marketing Communications5.49%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.4Legal Environment1.10%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.1Marketing Fundamentals5.49%
5.2Channel Management6.59%
5.3Marketing Information Management3.30%
5.4Marketing Research7.69%
5.5Market Planning8.79%
5.6Pricing8.79%
5.7Product and Service Management10.99%
5.8Branding12.09%
5.10Product and Service Development9.89%
Strand 9. Financial Analysis and Evaluation
9.7Managerial Accounting2.20%

Professional and Technical Sales

ODE Subject Code: 144030
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 1. Business Operations/21st Century Skills
1.1Employability Skills3.41%
1.2Leadership and Communications9.09%
1.3Business Ethics and Law1.14%
1.4Knowledge Management and Information Technology3.41%
Strand 2. Business Foundations
2.1Business Activities4.55%
Strand 3. Business Communications
3.1Customer Relations7.95%
3.2Relationship Management4.55%
3.3Business Communications Management9.09%
3.5Social Media Communications3.41%
Strand 4. Business Governance
4.6Corporate Social Responsibility4.55%
Strand 5. Marketing
5.1Marketing Fundamentals6.82%
5.3Marketing Information Management3.41%
5.4Marketing Research3.41%
5.5Market Planning5.68%
5.6Pricing7.95%
5.9Selling14.77%
Strand 7. Operations Management
7.2Sourcing and Procurement2.27%
Strand 8. Data and Process Management
8.3Information Management4.55%

Database Applications Development

ODE Subject Code: 145085
Outcome #Outcome Name% Items Approved by SMEs
Strand 2. IT Fundamentals
2.4Emerging Technologies2.06%
2.8Databases9.28%
2.9Project Concept Proposal6.19%
2.11Troubleshooting3.09%
2.12Performance Tests and Acceptance Plans3.09%
2.13Rollout and Handoff2.06%
Strand 5. Programming and Software Systems
5.1Programming Concepts7.22%
5.2Computational and String Operations6.19%
5.3Logical Operations and Control Structures13.40%
5.4Integrated Development Environment5.15%
5.5Programming Conventions5.15%
5.6Software Development Lifecycle8.25%
5.7Configuration Management3.09%
Strand 8. Databases
8.1Data Modeling6.19%
8.2Design and Creation7.22%
8.3Data Entry and Access12.37%

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